Thermodynamics (Chemical Perspective) – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 61. What is the concept of an isolated system?

   • A. A system that exchanges both mass and energy with its surroundings
   • B. A system that exchanges only energy with its surroundings
   • C. A system that exchanges only mass with its surroundings
   • D. A system that exchanges neither mass nor energy with its surroundings

2. 62. What is a thermodynamic cycle?

   • A. A sequence of processes that returns a system to its initial state
   • B. A single thermodynamic process
   • C. A process that occurs spontaneously
   • D. A process that only involves heat transfer

3. 63. What is the principle of corresponding states?

   • A. A principle stating that all fluids at the same reduced temperature and reduced pressure have approximately the same compressibility factor and deviate from ideal gas behavior to about the same degree
   • B. A principle related to ideal gases
   • C. A principle related to solid-state thermodynamics
   • D. A principle for calculating reaction rates

4. 64. What are residual properties in relation to equations of state?

   • A. The difference between real and ideal gas properties that equations of state attempt to capture
   • B. Properties that are ignored in equations of state
   • C. Properties that are only relevant for solids
   • D. Properties that are only relevant for liquids

5. 65. What is the concept of a thermodynamic path?

   • A. The sequence of states that a system passes through during a process
   • B. A specific state of a system
   • C. The initial and final states of a system
   • D. The equilibrium state of a system

6. 66. What is the heat of solution?

   • A. The enthalpy change that occurs when a solute dissolves in a solvent
   • B. The heat required to melt a solid
   • C. The heat released during combustion
   • D. The heat absorbed during evaporation

7. 67. What is the heat of mixing?

   • A. The enthalpy change that occurs when two or more substances are mixed
   • B. The heat released during a reaction
   • C. The heat absorbed during a phase change
   • D. The heat required for a substance to boil

8. 68. What is the coefficient of thermal expansion?

   • A. A measure of the change in volume or length of a substance per unit change in temperature
   • B. A measure of heat capacity
   • C. A measure of thermal conductivity
   • D. A measure of pressure change

9. 69. What is the compressibility factor (Z)?

   • A. A correction factor that describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behavior
   • B. A measure of pressure
   • C. A measure of temperature
   • D. A measure of volume

10. 70. What is the concept of ideal gas behavior?

    • A. A hypothetical gas that perfectly obeys the ideal gas law (PV=nRT)
    • B. A gas that always liquefies at low temperatures
    • C. A gas that cannot be compressed
    • D. A gas that undergoes chemical reactions