Thermodynamics (Chemical Perspective) – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 49. Which of the following is an intensive property?

   • A. Mass
   • B. Volume
   • C. Temperature
   • D. Energy

2. 50. Which of the following is an extensive property?

   • A. Density
   • B. Pressure
   • C. Specific heat
   • D. Volume

3. 51. What is the fundamental property from which all other thermodynamic properties can be derived for a pure substance?

   • A. Gibbs free energy
   • B. Internal energy
   • C. Helmholtz free energy
   • D. Enthalpy

4. 52. What is the fundamental property from which all other thermodynamic properties can be derived for a system at constant temperature and volume?

   • A. Gibbs free energy
   • B. Internal energy
   • C. Helmholtz free energy
   • D. Enthalpy

5. 53. What is the fundamental property from which all other thermodynamic properties can be derived for a system at constant temperature and pressure?

   • A. Gibbs free energy
   • B. Internal energy
   • C. Helmholtz free energy
   • D. Enthalpy

6. 54. What is the condition for equilibrium in a multi-component, multi-phase system?

   • A. The chemical potential of each component must be the same in all phases
   • B. The temperature must be the same in all phases
   • C. The pressure must be the same in all phases
   • D. All of the above

7. 55. What is the primary application of chemical thermodynamics in reaction engineering?

   • A. Predicting reaction rates
   • B. Determining optimal reactor size
   • C. Predicting the spontaneity and equilibrium conversion of chemical reactions
   • D. Analyzing fluid flow patterns

8. 56. What is the relationship between ΔH and ΔU for a reaction involving gases at constant temperature?

   • A. ΔH = ΔU + Δ(n_gas)RT
   • B. ΔH = ΔU
   • C. ΔH = ΔU - Δ(n_gas)RT
   • D. ΔH = ΔU + PV

9. 57. What is the significance of a negative heat of reaction (exothermic reaction)?

   • A. Heat is absorbed by the system
   • B. Heat is released by the system to the surroundings
   • C. The reaction is spontaneous
   • D. The reaction is non-spontaneous

10. 58. What is the significance of a positive heat of reaction (endothermic reaction)?

    • A. Heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings
    • B. Heat is released by the system
    • C. The reaction is spontaneous
    • D. The reaction is non-spontaneous

11. 59. What is the concept of an open system?

    • A. A system that exchanges both mass and energy with its surroundings
    • B. A system that exchanges only energy with its surroundings
    • C. A system that exchanges only mass with its surroundings
    • D. A system that exchanges neither mass nor energy

12. 60. What is the concept of a closed system?

    • A. A system that exchanges both mass and energy with its surroundings
    • B. A system that exchanges only energy with its surroundings
    • C. A system that exchanges only mass with its surroundings
    • D. A system that exchanges neither mass nor energy