Thermodynamics (Chemical Perspective) – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 1. What is the primary focus of chemical thermodynamics?

   • A. The study of heat transfer mechanisms
   • B. The study of mechanical work
   • C. The study of energy transformations in chemical and physical processes
   • D. The study of fluid dynamics

2. 2. Which law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed?

   • A. First Law of Thermodynamics
   • B. Second Law of Thermodynamics
   • C. Third Law of Thermodynamics
   • D. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

3. 3. Which law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases over time, and tends to increase to a maximum value?

   • A. First Law of Thermodynamics
   • B. Second Law of Thermodynamics
   • C. Third Law of Thermodynamics
   • D. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

4. 4. Which law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero (0 Kelvin) is zero?

   • A. First Law of Thermodynamics
   • B. Second Law of Thermodynamics
   • C. Third Law of Thermodynamics
   • D. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

5. 5. Which law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other?

   • A. First Law of Thermodynamics
   • B. Second Law of Thermodynamics
   • C. Third Law of Thermodynamics
   • D. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

6. 6. What is entropy (S)?

   • A. A measure of the system's ability to do work
   • B. A measure of the disorder or randomness of a system
   • C. A measure of the total energy
   • D. A measure of heat content

7. 7. What is the criterion for spontaneous change at constant temperature and pressure?

   • A. ΔG < 0
   • B. ΔH < 0
   • C. ΔS < 0
   • D. ΔU < 0

8. 8. What is the relationship between Gibbs Free Energy, Enthalpy, and Entropy?

   • A. G = H - TS
   • B. H = G - TS
   • C. S = G - HT
   • D. T = G - HS

9. 9. What is internal energy (U or E)?

   • A. The sum of all kinetic and potential energies of the molecules within a system
   • B. The energy associated with external forces
   • C. The energy of motion of the system as a whole
   • D. The energy transferred as heat

10. 10. What is heat (Q)?

    • A. Energy transferred due to a temperature difference
    • B. Energy transferred due to mechanical work
    • C. Energy stored within a system
    • D. Energy associated with chemical bonds

11. 11. What is work (W)?

    • A. Energy transferred due to a temperature difference
    • B. Energy transferred through organized motion against an opposing force
    • C. Energy stored within a system
    • D. Energy associated with chemical bonds

12. 12. For a closed system, the First Law of Thermodynamics can be expressed as:

    • A. ΔU = Q - W
    • B. ΔU = Q + W
    • C. ΔU = W - Q
    • D. ΔU = 0