Environmental Engineering – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 25. Which method of solid waste disposal generates energy?

   • A. Landfilling
   • B. Composting
   • C. Incineration
   • D. Recycling

2. 26. What is "Leachate" in the context of landfills?

   • A. Rainwater runoff
   • B. Gas produced in landfills
   • C. Liquid that has passed through solid waste and extracted dissolved or suspended materials
   • D. Solid waste itself

3. 27. Composting is a process of:

   • A. Burning waste
   • B. Burying waste
   • C. Biological decomposition of organic waste
   • D. Chemical treatment of waste

4. 28. What is "Hazardous Waste"?

   • A. Any waste that is non-toxic
   • B. Waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment
   • C. Only radioactive waste
   • D. Only municipal solid waste

5. 29. The "Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)" is a tool for:

   • A. Building new infrastructure
   • B. Evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development
   • C. Cleaning up pollution
   • D. Measuring climate change

6. 30. What is "Global Warming"?

   • A. A decrease in Earth's average temperature
   • B. A gradual increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to the greenhouse effect
   • C. A localized weather phenomenon
   • D. A cooling of the oceans

7. 31. Which international agreement aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?

   • A. Kyoto Protocol
   • B. Montreal Protocol
   • C. Basel Convention
   • D. Ramsar Convention

8. 32. What is "Eutrophication" in water bodies?

   • A. Increased oxygen levels
   • B. Reduced nutrient levels
   • C. Excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water
   • D. frequently due to runoff from the land

9. 33. The measure of oxygen dissolved in water is called:

   • A. BOD
   • B. COD
   • C. DO (Dissolved Oxygen)
   • D. TSS (Total Suspended Solids)

10. 34. What is "Groundwater Pollution"?

    • A. Pollution of surface rivers
    • B. Pollution of oceans
    • C. Pollution of water present beneath the Earth's surface in aquifers
    • D. Pollution of air

11. 35. The term "percolation" in soil refers to:

    • A. Movement of water horizontally
    • B. Movement of water downwards through soil
    • C. Evaporation of water
    • D. Absorption of water by plants

12. 36. Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?

    • A. Industrial discharge pipe
    • B. Sewage treatment plant outfall
    • C. Agricultural runoff
    • D. Oil refinery discharge