Circuit Theory – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 193. What is a "tree" in a network graph?

   • A. A closed path
   • B. A subgraph that connects all nodes without forming any closed loops
   • C. A single branch
   • D. A node

2. 194. What is a "cotree" in a network graph?

   • A. The set of branches not included in the tree
   • B. The set of branches forming a closed loop
   • C. The set of nodes
   • D. The set of all branches

3. 195. The number of independent KCL equations for a circuit with N nodes is:

   • A. N
   • B. N-1
   • C. N+1
   • D. 2N

4. 196. The number of independent KVL equations for a planar circuit with B branches and N nodes is:

   • A. B-N+1
   • B. N-1
   • C. B+N-1
   • D. N

5. 197. What is a "tie-set" or "fundamental loop"?

   • A. A loop that includes only one cotree branch and the remaining tree branches
   • B. A loop that includes only tree branches
   • C. A loop that includes no branches
   • D. A loop that includes all branches

6. 198. The "matrix method" of circuit analysis is based on:

   • A. Trial and error
   • B. Systematic application of KCL and KVL
   • C. Graphical solutions
   • D. Approximation

7. 199. What is "source transformation"?

   • A. Converting a voltage source to a current source or vice versa
   • B. Changing the value of a source
   • C. Adding more sources
   • D. Removing sources

8. 200. The term "power factor" is defined as the cosine of the angle between:

   • A. Voltage and current phasors
   • B. Resistance and reactance
   • C. Active power and reactive power
   • D. Apparent power and reactive power