Ecology and Environment – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 25. Chipko Movement' is associated with:

   • A. Forest conservation
   • B. Water conservation
   • C. Soil conservation
   • D. Wildlife conservation

2. 26. The major cause of biodiversity loss is:

   • A. Habitat loss and fragmentation
   • B. Pollution
   • C. Climate change
   • D. Over-exploitation

3. 27. The 'Great Indian Bustard' is an example of a/an:

   • A. Critically endangered species
   • B. Extinct species
   • C. Common species
   • D. Domesticated species

4. 28. The most stable ecosystem is:

   • A. Ocean
   • B. Forest
   • C. Grassland
   • D. Desert

5. 29. The term 'ecological niche' refers to:

   • A. The functional role of a species in its habitat
   • B. The physical space occupied by a species
   • C. The population density of a species
   • D. The feeding habits of a species

6. 30. Stratification in a forest ecosystem refers to:

   • A. Vertical distribution of different species
   • B. Horizontal distribution of species
   • C. Seasonal changes in species
   • D. Genetic variation within species

7. 31. A 'keystone species' is a species whose impact on its community or ecosystem is:

   • A. Larger than its abundance would suggest
   • B. Smaller than its abundance would suggest
   • C. Directly proportional to its abundance
   • D. Irrelevant to the ecosystem

8. 32. Sacred groves' are examples of:

   • A. In-situ conservation
   • B. Ex-situ conservation
   • C. Gene bank
   • D. Seed bank

9. 33. The Montreal Protocol is associated with the control of emission of:

   • A. Ozone-depleting substances
   • B. Greenhouse gases
   • C. Acid rain gases
   • D. Sulphur dioxide

10. 34. Kyoto Protocol aims at:

    • A. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
    • B. Conserving biodiversity
    • C. Controlling ozone depletion
    • D. Preventing acid rain

11. 35. The 'e-waste' refers to:

    • A. Electronic waste
    • B. Effluent waste
    • C. Energy waste
    • D. Environmental waste

12. 36. El Nino effect' is related to:

    • A. Climatic changes
    • B. Forest fires
    • C. Soil erosion
    • D. Water pollution