Ecology and Environment – Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. 13. Logistic growth curve is represented by which shape?

   • A. S-shaped
   • B. J-shaped
   • C. Linear
   • D. Exponential

2. 14. Mycorrhiza is an example of:

   • A. Mutualism
   • B. Parasitism
   • C. Commensalism
   • D. Predation

3. 15. Competition occurs when resources are:

   • A. Limited
   • B. Abundant
   • C. Unlimited
   • D. Unavailable

4. 16. Eutrophication is primarily caused by the excessive release of:

   • A. Nitrates and phosphates
   • B. Sulphur dioxide
   • C. Carbon monoxide
   • D. Chlorofluorocarbons

5. 17. The thinning of the ozone layer is primarily due to:

   • A. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
   • B. Carbon dioxide
   • C. Methane
   • D. Sulphur dioxide

6. 18. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

   • A. Methane
   • B. Nitrogen
   • C. Oxygen
   • D. Argon

7. 19. Biological magnification' refers to the:

   • A. Increase in concentration of toxic substances at successive trophic levels
   • B. Decrease in concentration of toxic substances
   • C. Conversion of toxic substances into harmless ones
   • D. Degradation of toxic substances

8. 20. Acid rain is caused by:

   • A. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
   • B. Carbon monoxide and methane
   • C. Carbon dioxide and oxygen
   • D. Chlorine and fluorine

9. 21. The 'Red Data Book' provides information about:

   • A. Endangered species
   • B. Safe species
   • C. Extinct species
   • D. Migratory species

10. 22. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with high levels of:

    • A. Species endemism and habitat loss
    • B. Pollution and barren land
    • C. Agricultural production
    • D. Industrial development

11. 23. In-situ conservation refers to the conservation of species:

    • A. In their natural habitat
    • B. In zoos and botanical gardens
    • C. In gene banks
    • D. In seed banks

12. 24. Ex-situ conservation refers to the conservation of species:

    • A. Outside their natural habitat
    • B. In protected areas
    • C. In national parks
    • D. In wildlife sanctuaries